While recuperating, Sam fell in love with his future wife, Eliza Rebecca Miss Beck Elgin. That was [our] final ride together. awoke [and] saw my horse standing at my feet with his head bending over me. The diary of Union mapmaker Private Robert Knox Sneden, who Mosby captured near Brandy Station, Virginia at 3:00am November 27, 1863, records that Mosby's raiders were disguised in Union Blue overcoats, and so was Mosby himself. Mosby later wrote that Stuart, made me all that I was in the warthe best friend I ever had.. Noted for their lightning strike raids on Union targets and their ability to consistently elude pursuit, the Rangers disrupted Union communications and . On the 150th anniversary of the fall of the city of Atlanta to the Union Army's Division of the Mississippi during the Civil War, we're "Um, what is that? ALEXANDERGIBSON CAREY,Private, Company E. Brother of Ranger James Carey. Mosby placed a mountain howitzer he had taken with him on the raid at the top of a small rise on a road up which the Union cavalry would have to attack. A few guerrillas equipped themselves with carbines captured from the Union, but "they were unhandy things to carry" and unsuited for fighting on horseback; indeed in the thick of a February 1865 fight the carbines' long barrels made them too unwieldy to fire, and they were used instead as clubs. In a bit of an interesting twist of fate, after the war, Mosby became a political ally and close confidant to President Ulysses S. Grant, his former enemy during the war and served as a consul to Hong Kong. Hibbs unique ability to find forage paid personal dividends, too. An officer of the StuartMosby Historical Society in Centreville, Va., Buckland has written several books and frequently delivers presentations focused on the men who rode with Mosby. He can be contacted at info@mosbymen.com. As John Henry Alexander noted in Mosbys Men: Pray dont make the mistake of assigning William Hibbs among the non-combatants. Though his title was merely in courtesy of his quasi office of quartermaster, no braver man followed Mosby. Read Next: Oldest Merrills Marauder MG Milton Pitcher Dies at 100. We had no reason to use a blue uniform as a disguise, for there was no occasion to do so. Captured on January 4, 1865, and sentto Fort Warren in Boston Harbor, fromwhich he was released on June 13,1865. Mosby, who, it must be noted, was not given his famous sobriquet The Gray Ghost until well after the war, was an intelligent, tough, audacious, and innovative leader. All six victims were either shot or hanged and three were buried in Front Royals Prospect Hill Cemetery. . Federal casualties were reportedly 42 while the Confederates lost five. 4. A constant irritant for Mosby over the past three months had been Blazers Scouts, the 100-man counterguerrilla force acquired by Sheridan in August. Federal Lieutenant Eugene Ferris, 30th Massachusetts Infantry, refused to surrender and escaped by wounding four of the rangers. But he often related the circumstance after the war. From a few troopers the rangers gradually grew to eight . After the war, William Chapman became an Internal Revenue Service agenta Revenuer who ferreted out hidden, illegal alcohol stills. At the order to charge, my men dashed forward with a yell that startled and stunned the enemyit was saferbeing the aggressor and striking the enemy at unguarded points. If necessary, Mosbys men were to escape into the nearby Blue Ridge Mountains. Corder, Joseph M. The total tally for the 43rd Battalion by October 1864 was 1,600 horses and mules, 230 beef cattle, 85 wagons and ambulances, and 1,200 captured, killed or wounded, including Union Brig. John Singleton Mosby will always be regarded as one of the Civil Wars most famousperhaps infamousfigures, and though he doesnt quite reside in the wars pantheon alongside the likes of Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson, and Ulysses S. Grant, he assuredly stands as an equal to military historys unconventional warfare legends such as Robert Rogers, Francis Marion, T.E. "[29], The military effectiveness of Mosby's command, Engraving reproduced from frontispiece, Major John Scott, Partisan Life with Col. John S. Mosby, 1867. Cab had earned Hibbs ire, but his playful exuberance created an even bigger quandary for himself on October 14, 1864, during the famed Greenback Raid, when Mosbys men derailed a train on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in Jefferson County, W.Va., seizing $172,000 in paper currency from two Union army paymasters. He rose through the officer ranks of Mosbys Rangers, eventually assuming the rank of lieutenant colonel and became second only to Mosby in command of the unit. Reference: 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry, Mosby's Command. He said he heard the noise the train made when it ran off the track and knew the men were gathering the spoils and did not think it was fair for him to be away picketing for their benefit. He was a member of the RoyalArcanum. It has been said that we wore blue to deceive the enemy, but this is ridiculous, for we were always in the enemy's country where a Southern soldier caught dressed in a blue uniform would have been treated to a swift court-martial and shot as a spy. Taking along a small contingent of Rangers, Mosby decided to travel south in hopes of linking up with General Joseph Johnston and continue fighting. Attended College ofWilliam & Mary in 1860-61. Younger brotherof Ranger George Meacham Slater. Paroledin Winchester, Va., on April 22, 1865. Revolvers in the hands of Mosby's men were as effective in surprise engagements as a whole line of light ordnance in the hands of the enemy. Mosbys men conducted nearly 30 raids in 1863-64 and were very successful at putting a thorn in the enemys backside as well as scouting and foraging for the army. Enjoying the cavalry, but bored with his job as regimental adjutant, Mosby resigned and became attached to the staff of Brig. If he has not yet won a Brigadier's wreath upon his collar, the people have placed upon his brow one far more enduring. Rhodes, Henry (killed) They burned 'em. Figgins, Alphaeus HistoryNet.com is brought to you by HistoryNet LLC, the worlds largest publisher of history magazines. After losing a sharp skirmish to the Scouts just west of Ashby Gap in the Blue Ridge on November 16th, Mosby sent two ranger companies under Captain Adolphus Dolly Richards to find and destroy the Scouts and their leader, Captain Richard Blazer. In 1862, still not comfortable remaining in one place for too long, Hoskins left Canada for the United States and settled in Baltimore, Md. The Union viewed them as unsoldierly: a loose band of roving thieves. Both sides agreed and there were no more executions. Sillman, John A. Stuart, loaned him the services of nine cavalrymen. In 1964 an Ohio woman took up the challenge that had led to Amelia Earharts disappearance. On May 30, 1863, the Rangers derailed and attacked a train near Catletts Station, Va. It was no fault of the Union cavalry that they did not get through faster than they did, but Sam seemed to think that it was. CHARLES EDWARDGROGAN,1st Lieutenant, Company D. Author McHenry Howard referred toGrogan as having as little sense of fearand danger as any man he had everseen. Captured at Gettysburg whileserving on Maj. Gen. Isaac Trimblesstaff and sent to the Johnsons IslandPOW camp in Ohio. Harney . Gen. Edwin H. Stoughton who was captured in bed. He responded to one Federal query about surrender that he, does not care a damn about the surrender of Lee, and he is determined to fight as long as he has a man left.. Constitution Avenue, NW He was now reviled in much of his home state of Virginia for his friendship with Grant. Committedsuicide on August 31, 1874, by slitting histhroat with a straight-edged razor. Mosbys Rangers operated out of Middleburg, Virginia. The 43rd Battalion was formed on June 10, 1863 at Rector's Cross Roads, near Among the rangers there were 8 men named Davis, 7 men named Cornwell, 5 men named Kincheloe, 5 men named Mayhugh. For the most part, Mosby and his forces operated out of an area that a horse could travel in a days hard riding, about 25 miles (40 km) in any direction from Middleburg. Hoskins died on June 2, 1863, and was buried in the Greenwich Presbyterian Churchs cemetery. over the country, a band of thieves, stealing, pillaging, plundering and doing every manner of mischief and crime. At least partially in retaliation for the recent ranger executions in Front Royal, Mosby, through a lottery process, identified seven Federal prisoners to be hanged. He kept the faith received at his mothers knee and walked with God every day. In 1906, after nearly 54 years of military service, he retired. On April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered the 43rd Battalion's parent command, the Army of Northern Virginia. If he goes on as he has commenced since the slight bleeding the Yankees gave him, who can say that in time we will not be able to stop Mr. Trenholm's machine, and pay our army off in greenbacks. Standing in Sheridans avenue to conquest was the tough, 14,000-man Confederate Army of the Valley under Lt. Gen. Jubal Early. "[7], The unit also utilized child soldiers. The 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry primarily comprised Virginians and a contingent of Marylanders. Or they would simply "skedaddle", that is scatter to the four winds, and individually make their way back to the farms in Loudoun and Fauquier counties where they were welcomed, hidden, and succoured. When Lee surrendered in 1865, Mosby and his men were leery of surrendering, fearing that the Union would hang them as spies. A Union trooper rode up on Hoskins. He also said that after he got to the burning cars he made up for lost time. Hoskins threatened him with his saber and said, Surrender, you damn Yankee. The Union soldier replied, The hell I will, and shot Hoskins in the neck and back. Atkins is buried in an unmarked grave somewhere near Paris, Va. Baron Robert von Massow (Baron Robert August Valentin Albert Reinhold von Massow, to be exact) arrived in Richmond in July 1863. Triplett, T.D. Died October 8, 1899. Threats of bodily harm to him and his family forced Mosby to give up his law practice and leave his home in Warrenton, Virginia. The Partisan Rangers had a big hand in bringing the 'Gray Ghost' plenty of glory. As troopers of Custers 5th Michigan Cavalry regiment began to torch the house on August 19th, three companies of Mosbys Rangers under Captain William Chapman attacked, Wipe them from the face of the earth! Although armed with Spencer repeating carbines, the New Yorkers were killed, captured, or scattered. Bottom: Mosby Heritage Area sign on Route 211 in Fauquier County, Virginia. Late in the month, with Stuarts blessing, Mosby gathered experienced horsemen from the Middleburg, VA area to form Mosbys Rangers. Before he got to the gate Sam had already exhausted every barrel of his two pistols and drawn his sabre. A young Private in the Confederate Army, Willie Prentiss, is assigned to guard a remote river outpost during the American Civil War. In a fight near Front Royal, Virginia, on September 22nd, rangers under Captain Sam Chapman mistakenly attacked a larger force of Federal cavalry escorting an ambulance convoy. They are a terror to the citizens and an injury to the cause [because], General Lee sent the letter on to the Confederate War Department with an endorsement recommending "the law authorizing these partisan corps be abolished." With James MacArthur, Nick Adams, Jack Ging, Kurt Russell. About four miles into the Valley west of Ashbys Gap, Russells men attacked approximately 100 riders of the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry. JOSHUA WARFIELD RIGGS,Private, Company D. Served in the 1st Virginia Cavalry andthe 1st Maryland Cavalry prior to joiningMosby. Left: Mosby's grave in Warrenton, Virginia. CLAIBORNE ROBINSON,Private, Company D. Lived in Baltimore after the war. From this modest beginning whould grow on of the best know of all ranger commands. Subscribe to receive our weekly newsletter with top stories from master historians. Ignoring Earlys indifference, Mosby decided to stretch his resources to defend the Valley anyway, to vex and embarrass Sheridan andto prevent his advance into the interior of the state. Mosby was acting on his own; his best friend and mentor, Jeb Stuart, had been killed in action on May 12th, 1864. Known as the Gray Ghost, Confederate Colonel John S. Mosby, along with his partisan rangers, terrorized Federal units in northern Virginia from late 1862 until the end of the Civil War in 1865. Eric Buckland retired from the U.S. Army as a lieutenant colonel after spending the majority of his 22-year career in Special Forces. Date Released . I made him a captain for it. Ranger John Munson wrote, usually a young fellow who joined Mosbys command came with romantic ideas of the partisan rangers existence. Adding to the lure of ranger life, Mosby allowed his troopers to keep plunder from raids, if men got rewardsof horses and arms, they were more devoted to the cause.. Great-grandson of John Henley, a signerof the Declaration of Independence. That was important because Mosby, essentially a teetotaler, despised the use of needed forage for the distilling of alcoholhe believed it served a better purpose by feeding horses or soldiers. Top: A Route 522 sign in Rappahannock County, Virginia, about one of Mosby's Rangers being executed. [11], Munson's denial of the use of Union blue is contradicted by another source however. During the negotiations, a ranger named Hern burst into the room and yelled to Mosby that Federal cavalry had set a trap and were hidden in the woods. Stuart, Massow joined Mosby. But in the summer of 1901, hiswhereabouts became unknown; then hewas found after six weeks wandering thestreets of the city suffering severely fromexposure. On February 22, 1864, during a fight at Ankers Shop (Second Dranesville) in present-day Sterling, Va., Massow got that wish, though not in a manner he could celebrate. I crossed over with the prisoners among the first. In recognition of his service, Hoskins was awarded the Crimea War Medal with clasps for Alma, Inkermann, and Sebastapol. Served during the war in the21st Virginia Infantry, 1st MarylandInfantry, and 1st Virginia Cavalry priorto joining Mosby in December 1863. The second purpose was to promote the use of guerrilla warfare to help protect areas where there was little protection from the army. After the action he rode his horse some distance toward Fairfax, slid exhausted out of the saddle and fell asleep in a field, and on the following morning: . known as Mosby's Rangers, Mosby's Raiders, or Mosby's Men, was a battalion of Mosby's Regiment, Virginia Cavalry (Partisan Rangers) Overview: Mosby's Cavalry Regiment, formerly the 43rd Battalion, was organized in December, 1864. 6. An interview with historian Richard M. McMurry on his 2023 book, The Civil Wars of General Joseph E. Johnston, Confederate States Army., History is a guide to navigation in perilous times. On August 7th, 1864, Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan took command of the United States Army of the Shenandoah. Two Rangers went inside. Mosbys men dismissed the use of sabers, thinking them too limiting in combat. But Mosby fought on. 1862 in which the Confederate Congress authorized the formation of such units. His brother, Robert, had preceded him to America and first served in Wheats Battalion (the famed Louisiana Tigers). A few rangers carried other weapons, but Mosby favored pistols, especially 1860 Colt Army revolvers, because they provided close-combat firepower without being cumbersome. Praesidus brings homage to the military watch tradition. Small, harassing raids continued in the Valley until October 14th when Mosby and approximately eighty rangers conducted the Greenback Raid near Duffields Station, about seven miles west of Harpers Ferry. During the ensuing melee, Massow was riding down on the Union commander, Captain James Sewell Reed, with his saber poised for a lethal strike. He survived, however, living until 1929. One particular set of brothersthe Chapmansstands out. 3. By D.A. Among the Battalion's youngest members was a 16-year-old Scottsville boy named Henry G. Harris. This story appeared inthe July 2020 issue of Americas Civil War. Engraving reproduced from Major John Scott. Served in the 1st Maryland Cavalrybefore joining Mosby. It took a personal letter to now President Grant to stop the practice. Served as bailiff at the CourtHouse in Baltimore for more than 20years. Washington, D.C. Email powered by MailChimp (Privacy Policy & Terms of Use). Conrad, Charles Mosby himself had six horses that hed change out frequently. [13] Mosby and his men had a "poor opinion" of cavalry sabres, and did not use them. On April 20th, in Millwood, Virginia, about seven miles south of Berryville, a Federal delegation under Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock tried to get Mosby and around twenty rangers to surrender at the Clarke House & Tavern. As Massow passed Reed, the Union captain shot him in the back and out of the saddle. He was acting under the authority of General Robert E. Lee, who had granted him permission to raise a company in January 1863 under the Partisan Ranger Act of 1862 in which the Confederate Congress authorized the formation of such units. Louisa,known as Luly, is remembered forher book A Southern Girl in 61: TheWar-Time Memories of a ConfederateSenators Daughter. As the unit grew and gained notoriety, it eventually became Company A, 43rd Battalion of Virginia Cavalry, or Mosbys Rangers, in June 1863. "The rangers had some of the best horses in a region known for raising great horses. Mosby was a small town lawyer who joined the Confederate Army when his home state of Virginia seceded from the Union, and who became GeneralJeb Stuart'sbest scout, earning himself both a command and the nickname "Gray Ghost." Cab Madduxmade a rather attractive mark, but as the bullets were splashing the water around him, his characteristic solicitude for others was manifested. The tried using carbines captured from Union cavalry but found them too unwieldy for their type of operations. One day in Richmond wounded and eliciting the sympathy of every one capable of appreciating the daring deeds of the boldest and most successful partisan leader the war has producedthree days afterwards surprising and scattering a Yankee force at Salem as if they were frightened sheep fleeing before a hungry wolfand then before the great mass of the people are made aware of the particulars of this dashing achievement, he has swooped around and cut the Baltimore and Ohio roadthe great artery of communication between East and West, capturing a mail train and contents, and constituting himself, by virtue of the strength of his own right arm, and the keen blade it wields, a receiver of army funds for the United States. By early September, Sheridan launched a new offensive, this time with improved security. No quarter! On April 21, twelve days after Lee's surrender, Mosby gathered his battalion at Salem in Fauquier County, Virginia, and read this farewell address to his men:[23]. On April 21, 1865, Mosby disbanded rather than surrender the 43rd Battalion, Virginia Cavalry in Salem, Va. (today Marshall). . Today, theMosby Heritage Area Associationruns tours and educational programs to educate folks about Mosby's Confederacy. Major General Winfield S. Hancock in Millwood, Virginia. The first purpose was to take control over guerrilla warfare and decide who would and would not be able to use it. Although guerrillas, or partisan rangers, Mosbys men were subject to the Articles of War and Army Regulations within General Lees Army of Northern Virginia. Mosby proved his worth as a scout and intelligence collector during the Peninsula campaign in June 1862. Served with the 1st MarylandCavalry before joining Mosbys Rangers. He is able and thoroughly honest and truthful.. He was so valuable to the Confederacy that many Union officers tried and failed to capture him (he, however, captured Union General Edwin Stoughton). He was named the Consul to Hong Kong, a position he held for eight years and served in the Justice Department as well as a lawyer for the railroad. The battalion never formally surrendered, but was disbanded on April 21, 1865, after Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia at Appomattox Court House to Ulysses S. Grant but not before it had attempted to negotiate surrender with Major General Winfield S. Hancock in Millwood, Virginia. According to James J. Williamsons Mosbys Rangers: A Record of the Operations of the Forty-third Battalion of Virginia Cavalry, From Its Organization to the Surrender: We then pushed on up the river to reach the ford at Nolands Ferry [sic] before another detachment of Yankees, who were coming down the river, should get there. This also led to the recruitment of irregular soldiers into the Confederate army. Never wounded during the war, Chapman ironically received his first-ever gunshot at the hands of a tax-evading moonshiner. And now at this moment of bidding you a final adieu accept the assurance of my unchanging confidence and regard. They, Mosby especially, had not factored in a large and rapid response from Union cavalry in the area as elements of the 7th Michigan Cavalry, 5th New York Cavalry, and the 1st Vermont Cavalry all converged on Mosby and forced the Rangers to begin a fighting withdrawal. On November 7th, 1864, in Beemers Woods just west of Berryville, rangers hanged three of the Federals, shot two, while the other two escaped in the night. The meeting ended without an agreement. Ten days later, April 9th, Confederate commanding General Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox, Virginia. The young family moved into a two-story brick house on Harrison . Yesterday a friend paid this tribute: A man of exemplary character and spotless integrity, Colonel Chapman lived a life of simple and natural religion. He was admitted to the insaneward at Bellevue Hospital in August. . kealbo54 Sergeant Major. Mosbys Rangers and McNeills Rangers. Both operated in Virginia and operated under normal military discipline. Mosby had agreed to a truce two days before, but not surrender. supply lines. All Rights Reserved. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. I must confess that his character as a soldier was more on the model of the Hebrew prophets than the Evangelist or the Baptist in whom he was so devout a believer. Even at that supreme moment in my life, when I had just stood on the brink of ruin and had barely escaped, I could not restrain a propensity to laugh. Within a few years, Hoskins left the Army. This proved useful to Confederate military raiding. Gen. George A. Custer ordered the burning of five Berryville-area properties including the home of Benjamin Morgan. Brigadier General Thomas Rosser (with the support of Generals Jubal Early and Fitz Lee) urged disbanding Mosby's command in a letter addressed to General Robert E. Lee. Come along, Major! The Yankees at once transferred their shower baths from Cab to the Major, who showed his appreciation of the formers self-sacrifice by spluttering out to him that he was respectful all at once.. He wasknown to every man in the Command and to everybody in that country, as a fighter.. The remaining Rangers fled, leaving Hoskins lying on the field in a pool of his own blood. It's been 150 years since Mosby formed the 43rd Battalion Virginia Cavalry, more popularly known as "Mosby's Rangers," but there are still many ways to explore Mosby's story. . His uniform andcrutchesare on display inThe Price of Freedom: Americans at War. Stuart for the Confederacy during the Fredericksburg and Gettysburg campaigns and started his own cavalry unit, the 43rd Battalion of Virginia Cavalry, which became known as Mosbys Rangers, or Mosbys Raiders. Since the close of the war, I have come to know Colonel Mosby personally and somewhat intimately. That day was the boys last at school, John Munson wrote in Reminiscences of a Mosby Guerrilla: [U]ntil the end of the war, he was one of the gamest and best soldiers Mosby had. He died on May 30, 1916, Memorial Day, from complications from throat surgery and is buried in Warrenton, Virginia. He formed a group of his best fighters around the gun and prepared to make what amounted to a last stand. Hibbs, however, developed a system whereby he could find the forage and collect it for the 43rd, locate the still and sample the goods to his hearts content, and then (only then) return to Mosby with the forage and report the still. Reportedly a prosperous and well-knownarchitect in New York City afterthe war. As you succeed in your operations, your notoriety grows and the Union devotes additional troops to stopping you. [Photographed between 1861 and 1865, printed between 1880 and 1889] Photograph. 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