[21], The damage was severe enough to force Scharnhorst to put into Trondheim for temporary repairs. Damage-control teams managed to correct the list with counter-flooding, and although draft increased by 1m (3.3ft), Scharnhorst was able to leave for Brest at 19:30. You may not upload any more photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 20 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 5 photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 30 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 15 photos to this memorial. With only turret Caesar operational, all available men were sent to retrieve ammunition from the forward turrets to keep the last heavy guns supplied. [39] One of the 227kg bombs hit the deck just forward of the starboard 15cm twin turret next to the conning tower. Gerhard Wilhelm Scharnhorst was born on month day 1768, at birth place, to Johann Friedrich Scharnhorst and Catharina Elisabeth Scharnhorst (born Lueders). Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? The Inspector General Administration is a criminal justice agency established in 1972 and expanded in 2015 via Executive Order No. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. Navigating Prussias rigid social system proved to be just as treacherous. [15] Reinhard Hhn, Scharnhorsts Vermchtnis (Frankfurt am Main: Bernard&Graefe Verlag, 1972), 312-313. [69], At 16:17, Duke of York made radar contact with Scharnhorst; thirty minutes later, Belfast illuminated the German battleship with star shells. These three hits caused significant flooding and an 8degree list to starboard. Learn about how to make the most of a memorial. Her main battery turrets had 360mm (14in) of armor on their faces and 200mm (7.9in) on their sides. Career overview - years in numbers Estorff recognized Scharnhorsts talents and appointed the young officer as an instructor at the regimental school he had created in 1770. In addition to Clausewitz, the group also included August Neidhardt von Gneisenau, Hermann von Boyen, Karl von Grolman, Karl von Tiedemann, and Prince August.[13]. Mobile number (517) 944-0346 . Another feature of the Prussian General System was that the chief of staff served not as a mere translator and executor of his commanders wishesas was the case for Napoleon and Berthierbut as his closest partner and adviser. Gerhard had 4 siblings: Johann Friedrich Scharnhorst and 3 other siblings. The next day, the British trawler HMTJuniper was discovered and sunk, along with the oil tanker Oil Pioneer. Napoleon Bonaparte errichtet das Herzogtum Warschau . For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. A repair ship completed work on the vessel in two weeks. In early February, minesweepers swept a route through the English Channel undetected by the British. [3] Her standard crew numbered 56 officers and 1,613 enlisted men, augmented during the war to 60 officers and 1,780 men. [32] Scharnhorst managed to sink only one ship during the encounter, the 6000 ton tanker Lustrous. A pair of U-boats sank a total of 28,488 tons of shipping on the night of 89 March. [50] The engine room crews managed to restart the first turbine at 15:49, nearly twenty minutes after the mine explosion. [54] During the operation, Scharnhorst destroyed a battery of two 76mm (3.0in) guns and shelled fuel tanks, coal mines, harbor facilities, and military installations. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. [52] Another attempt to reach Norway was canceled under similar circumstances. Plans to replace these weapons with six 38cm (15in) SK C/34 guns in twin turrets were never carried out. Admiral Burnett, commanding the three cruisers Norfolk, Belfast, and Sheffield escorting Convoy JW 55B, placed his ships between the convoy and Scharnhorst's expected direction of attack. A Discussion of the Main Reasons for the French Successes in the Revolutionary Wars and Especially in the Campaign of 1794, perhaps his most famous and consequential treatise from 1797, is merely forty pages long, for example. The explosion tore a large gash in the side of the hull and allowed 1,220t (1,200 long tons; 1,340 short tons) of water into the ship, flooding 30 watertight spaces within five main watertight compartments. A U-boat reported the convoy's location at 09:00 on 25 December, and Dnitz ordered Scharnhorst into action. Add to your scrapbook. In the Seven Years War (1757-1763), Count Wilhelm commanded the allied artillery of Prussia, Hanover, England, and Schaumburg-Lippe, and also played a significant role in the French defeat in the Battle of Minden in 1759. Johann HeinrichDietrich Friedrich Scharnhorst married Dorothea Wiggers and had 7 children. Oops, we were unable to send the email. Later that day, reconnaissance aircraft located a convoy of some 20 transports escorted by cruisers and destroyers approximately 400 nautical miles (740 kilometres; 460 miles) west of Troms. In the first decade of Napoleons rise, the question about the origins of French lethality preoccupied military writers. These people do not know what one should dare in war. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. Remove advertising from a memorial by sponsoring it for just $5. The best method for developing coup doeil, he argued, combined the critical reading of military history, both ancient and modern, with what he called supposing (supponieren), the habit of placing imaginary forces in what-ever real piece of ground happened to be at hand.[6]. The convoy was spotted again two days later, and it was determined that the course was definitively toward the Soviet Union. If you know of things missing or have corrections, please log in and submit them. Try again later. [12], To fulfill his reform agenda, Scharnhorst surrounded himself with a group of talented officers, some of them his former students. based on information from your browser. The email does not appear to be a valid email address. [59], With the rapidly deteriorating military situation for the German Army on the Eastern Front, it became increasingly important to interrupt the flow of supplies from the Western Allies to the Soviet Union. You can always change this later in your Account settings. She was 234.9m (770ft 8in) long overall and had a beam of 30m (98ft 5in) and a maximum draft of 9.9m (32ft 6in). Erich Bey, by now promoted to Konteradmiral, was given command of the task force. [40][41][42], Two of the 454kg bombs hit amidships between the 15cm and 10.5cm gun turrets; both failed to explode and instead penetrated the ship completely. [36], After repairs were completed in July, Scharnhorst went to La Pallice for trials on the 21st, where she easily steamed at 30 knots (56km/h; 35mph). The next spring, Scharnhorst moved to Berlin. In his biography of Clausewitz, Peter Paret offers a summary of Scharnhorsts life and ideas: Peter Paret, Clausewitz and the State:The Man, His Theories, and His Times (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985 ), 56-77. The joints with the torpedo bulkhead were weakened enough to cause leaking. [31], Following the completion of repairs, Scharnhorst underwent trials in the Baltic before returning to Kiel in December 1940. In early 1813, with Napoleons return to Central Europe and the Tsars troops in hot pursuit, Prussia faced a perilous choice. By 07:15, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau had used their superior speed to escape from the pursuing Renown. [32], On 6 February, the two ships refueled from the tanker Schlettstadt south of Cape Farewell. Distilling seemingly timeless principles of war and claiming that they constituted the secret of the Corsicans astounding victories, Dietrich Heinrich von Blow, Mathieu Dumas, and Antoine-Henri Jomini became best-selling authors. [9] Anonymous (Marie von Clausewitz), Erinnerung an den General Clausewitz und sein Verhltnis zu Scharnhorst, Historisch-Politische Zeitschrift, Vol. The Germans' radar detected the British at long range, which allowed Ltjens to avoid the British patrols, with the aid of a squall. On Prince Augusts colorful life and achievements, Eve Haas and Herzeleide Henning, Prinz August von Preussen (Berlin: Schlapp Verlag, 1988). Include gps location with grave photos where possible. Though the text is just two paragraphs long, it represents some of his most enduring concepts. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. He was tragically killed by Prussian soldiers in battle. Resend Activation Email. [45] The torpedo boats were led by Kapitn Erich Bey, aboard the destroyer Z29. His humble origins, however, made this impossible in the Hanoverian Army. Boiler and turbine troubles kept the ship in Germany for the remainder of 1942. or don't show this againI am good at figuring things out. At 19:45, the ship went down by the bow, with her propellers still slowly turning. Friedrich Georg Sauer (born 1978) is listed at 518 N Magnolia Ave Lansing, Mi 48912 and has no known political party affiliation. [2] We will offer the first English translations of some of these texts. Five minutes after opening fire, one of Duke of York's 14in (35.6cm) shells struck Scharnhorst abreast of her forward gun turret. Friedrich Wilhelm did not appoint him as the commander of the main Prussian Army fighting Napoleon in Silesia. Later that day, at around 14:30, the three ships came under attack by a force of British bombers, which failed to make any hits. For the defense of his tiny country, Count Wilhelm relied mostly on his and his officers ability to resist foreign invasion and seizure of the states fortresses. [12] Krmper was the Prussian Armys term for retired or former soldier. Learn more about managing a memorial . This relationship is not possible based on lifespan dates. The newly built anti-Napoleonic coalition was far from strong or successful in all of its actions, but its spirit had changed. [45] By 13:00, the ships had cleared the Strait of Dover; half an hour later, a flight of six Swordfish torpedo bombers, with Spitfire escort, attacked the Germans. Scharnhorst believed in military historys crucial role in the education of military professionals, for it could provide them with an opportunity to study wars complex conditions. Later on, the veteran soldiers were sent permanently home as reserves and called for annual training only, while the younger ones assumed regular service. The blast damaged the ship's circuit breakers and knocked out her electrical system for 20minutes. Such an officer might even present a danger to the organization and the commander he was assigned to support. Scharnhorst's commander, KzS Hoffmann, however, closed to 23,000m (25,000yd) in an attempt to lure Ramillies away from the convoy so that Gneisenau could attack the convoy. [1] But this is far from a comprehensive representation of an intellect that played such a crucial role in the modern philosophy of war. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. In early 1943, Scharnhorst joined the Bismarck-class battleship Tirpitz in Norway to interdict Allied convoys to the Soviet Union. Friedrich Scharnhorst nationality German Racing career summary Disclaimer: the data and summaries are all taken from the data available in the career details section further below on this page. The water was quickly drained from turret Bruno's magazine. Estorff displayed a different approach than Count Willem, for he believed wars ravages should be kept as far as possible from the homeland. Friedrich Scharnhorst (1834 - 1892) How do we create a person's profile? Through reminiscences of a hundred possible but unlikely disasters, they make the general they support anxious. Nothing in this case is more dangerous than ones own experience without the understanding with which military history provides us. [54], On 22 March, Scharnhorst, Tirpitz, and Ltzow steamed to Altafjord for repairs to damage incurred in heavy storms. I hope that any of you who are ever called upon to lead a ship into action against an opponent many times superior, will command your ship as gallantly as the Scharnhorst was commanded today. Napoleon expected that a series of fast defeats and costly battles would knock either Russia or Prussia out of the war, but they did not falter. Scharnhorst steamed to Gotenhafen in late October for a new rudder, the design of which was based on the lessons learned from the torpedoing of Prinz Eugen and Ltzow earlier in the year. Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. He passed away on 29 APR 1889. [30] She reached port on the afternoon of 9 June, where the repair ship Huaskaran was waiting. Admiral Lutjens was the commander-in-chief of the operation, he would go on to command the cruise of Bismarck and Prinz . The ship was now fighting with only two-thirds of her main battery. Afterward, another round of trials were conducted in the Baltic, which revealed the necessity of replacing several of the boiler tubes. Scharnhorst sank two ships. [53], Scharnhorst, Tirpitz, and nine destroyers embarked from Altafjord on an offensive on 6 September known as Operation Zitronella; the ships were tasked with bombarding the island of Spitzbergen. English MDHHS-InspectorGeneral@michigan.gov. [68] The first shell hit the forward superstructure and disabled Norfolk's gunnery radar. [11], Scharnhorst's first operation began on 21 November 1939;[13] the ship, in company with her sister Gneisenau, the light cruiser Kln, and nine destroyers, was to patrol the area between Iceland and the Faroe Islands. The two ships then turned west for 24hours while temporary repairs were effected. Several days later, the main body of the convoy was located, and Scharnhorst sank another seven ships totaling 27,277 tons. Heavy winds caused significant structural damage that evening, and flooding contaminated a portion of Scharnhorst's fuel stores. Burnett chose to keep his distance and shadow Scharnhorst with radar while Fraser made his way to the scene in Duke of York. All German capital ships deployed to the Atlantic were therefore out of action. [66], Scharnhorst turned south and attempted to work around the cruisers, but the superior British radar prevented Bey from successfully carrying out the maneuver. Year should not be greater than current year. [5] Michael Schoy, General Gerhard von Scharnhorst, 4. The flooding caused a 5degree list, increased the stern draft by almost a meter, and forced Scharnhorst to reduce speed to 20 knots (37km/h; 23mph). Admiral Wilhelm Marschall, aboard Gneisenau, ordered Scharnhorst to pick up survivors. General der Jagdflieger (General of Fighter Force) Adolf Galland directed Luftwaffe fighter and bomber forces (Operation Donnerkeil) during Cerberus. In just three months, from a population of less than five million, Prussia had a force of approximately 130,000 troops ready for deployment, and by fall boasted some 270,000.[18]. [61] During a conference with Hitler on 1920 December, Groadmiral Karl Dnitz decided to employ Scharnhorst against the next Allied convoy that presented itself. [26] After approximately an hour of shooting, the German battleships sent Glorious to the bottom. At around the time the last turbine was restarted, a single bomber dropped several bombs approximately 90m (98yd) off Scharnhorst's port side, which caused no damage. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. The British carried out a series of attacks that were all unsuccessful; Scharnhorst's anti-aircraft guns were red-hot by the end of the action, and one 20mm gun had burst from the strain. Memorial ID. There was an error deleting this problem. In 1800, he accepted Friedrich Wilhelm III's offer of elevation to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and ennoblement. 1804 it was first found in the archives and published in Rudolf Stadelmann, Scharnhorst: Schicksal und Geistige Welt (Wiesbaden: Limes Verlag, 1952), 155-156. Invalid memorial. The German warships were protected by poor visibility, however, and the three ships safely reached port later that day. Christian J Scharnhorst was born on month day 1834, at birth place, to Christian Scharnhorst and Dorothy Scharnhorst (born Krager). [74] Fraser then ordered Jamaica and Belfast to move into range and finish the crippled ship off with torpedoes. Four Allied capital ships, the British Hood, Nelson and Rodney, and the French Dunkerque, followed in pursuit. Try again later. 1 (1832): 214. 2015-4 as an independent and autonomous entity within MDHHS. Bismarck had been sunk on 27 May. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? The second torpedo hit the ship on the port side and caused some minor flooding, and the third struck toward the rear of the ship and damaged the port propeller shaft. The second 227kg bomb fell forward of the rear main battery turret and penetrated the first two decks. Share this memorial using social media sites or email. We encourage you to research and examine these records to determine their accuracy. [16], At 09:15 the following morning, Admiral Hipper was detached to reinforce the destroyers at Narvik, which had reported engaging British forces. A rather peculiar capital ship, Scharnhorst in World of Warships is officially a battleship, but frequently plays more like a battlecruiser. Please reset your password. Two days later, the German flotilla intercepted the British armed merchant cruiser Rawalpindi. The destroyers Scorpion and HNoMSStord launched a total of eight torpedoes at 18:50, four of which hit. [45] The British failed to detect their departure, as the submarine that had been tasked with observing the port had withdrawn to recharge its batteries. Blamed for the disaster at Jena-Auerstedt Prussias aging military brass was pushed out of the service in a swift and shocking move. The second 28cm round struck the ship's "X" barbette and disabled the turret. [11] Scharnhorst was commissioned into the fleet on 9 January for sea trials,[12] which revealed a dangerous tendency to ship considerable amounts of water in heavy seas. Armenischer Kalender. The Luftwaffe had been seriously weakened by four long years of war, and increasing Allied anti-submarine capabilities were steadily degrading the effectiveness of the U-boats. We have set your language to On the 8th, a serious internal explosion occurred in the aft auxiliary machinery space above the armor deck. The German force quickly fled north before using inclement weather to make the dash south through the North Sea. As Gudmundsson writes: In dEstorffs view, the ability of a leader to succeed in the small war was dependent on their ability to make, in a very short period of time, an accurate estimate of the tactical possibilities of a particular piece of ground, a faculty that he, like so many of his contemporaries, called by the French coup doeil (or strike of the eye). [64] The battleship was hit twice by 20.3cm (8in) shells; the first failed to explode and caused negligible damage, but the second struck the forward rangefinders and destroyed the radar antenna. Temporary repairs allowed Scharnhorst to return to 22 knots (41km/h; 25mph). With a clear aspiration of becoming an officer, in 1773, at age 17, Scharnhorst entered the school located in Fortress Wilhlemstein.[3]. Six 53.3cm (21in) above-water torpedo tubes, taken from the light cruisers Nrnberg and Leipzig, were installed in 1942. To add a flower, click the Leave a Flower button. Birth: 18 Nov 1880: Death: 7 Jul 1887 (aged 6) Warren County, Missouri, USA . Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. [47] The fighters flew at masthead-height to avoid detection by the British radar network. Simultaneously, Scharnhorst created the Military Society (Militrische Gesellschaft), where many of the ideas and personalities would emerge that later transformed the Prussian Army and ultimately led it to its victory over Napoleon. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. British warships were within 35nmi (65km; 40mi) of Scharnhorst's position when she turned to Stavanger. In early January 1943, the ship was back in service, and after trials, left Germany on 7 January in company with Prinz Eugen and five destroyers. The forward and rear gun turrets were temporarily disabled, along with half of her anti-aircraft battery. This browser does not support getting your location. These are necessary if we wish, in all cases that occur, thanks to resemblance in circumstances, to be able to judge to some degree the success of an enterprise and avoid the mistakes experience could discoverif we wish to consult all the special circumstances and among the numerous possibilities to choose the most beneficial ones. All photos uploaded successfully, click on the Done button to see the photos in the gallery. [17] Henry Kissinger, A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh, and the Problems of Peace, 1812-1822 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1973), 49. Scharnhorst was a German capital ship, alternatively described as a battleship or battlecruiser, of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine. Scharnhorst believed that carefully selected and superbly prepared staff officers, especially when the Prussian Army lacked a leader to rival Napoleons operational genius and charisma, could provide invaluable advice to their commanders, keep them from committing grave mistakes, and enhance the conduct of armies on the battlefield. In early 1942, after British bombing raids, the two ships made the Channel Dash up the English Channel from occupied France to Germany. [20] Clausewitz provides a clear description of his mentors approach: Diffuseness was therefore never in evidence in his written work, for he kept correcting and revising his text until his exceptionally precise mind was entirely satisfied and not one word seemed out of place.[21] Neither did Scharnhorst make use of the vivid metaphors for which his student became famous. The two ships were forced to put into port during the storm: Scharnhorst went to Gotenhafen while Gneisenau went to Kiel for repairs. Partial power was eventually restored to the starboard turbine, which allowed speed to be increased to 14 knots (26km/h; 16mph). It passed through the upper and middle decks before exploding on the main armored deck, which contained the blast. Friedrich Philipp Scharnhorst (1666 - Unknown) How do we create a person's profile? Captain Otto Ciliax , Captain of the German battleship 'Scharnhorst', carries out an inspection of the crew, circa 1939. Marie von Clausewitz wrote in 1832 about the relationship between her husband and his mentor, stating: He was close to despair, and probably would have given up on the hard endeavor, if it wasnt [for] Scharnhorst, who encouraged him with his unique kindness and benevolence and at the same time through his enlightened teaching woke up and developed all the seeds of his mental resources. I have often seen how deficient, in terms of providing advice, those perform who apply only the facts they have personally experienced. 518 N Magnolia Ave, Lansing, MI, 48912-3125. Failed to remove flower. Three of the bombs were 454kg (1,001lb) armor-piercing bombs, and the other two were 227kg (500lb) high-explosive bombs. The next day, Scharnhorst left Stavanger for Kiel, where repairs were carried out, lasting some six months. [53] There she met Ltzow and the battleship Tirpitz. Appointed as the head of the Military Reorganization Commission, Scharnhorst now rushed to capitalize on the momentum the political overhaul had created. Praise for Death in Focus In 1800, he accepted Friedrich Wilhelm IIIs offer of elevation to the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel and ennoblement. It also exploded on the armored deck and tore a small hole in it. Please ensure you have given Find a Grave permission to access your location in your browser settings. This flower has been reported and will not be visible while under review. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. A rather peculiar capital ship, Scharnhorst in World of Warships is officially a battleship, but frequently plays more like a battlecruiser.
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