A decline in custody rate was observed in 2020, likely a result of the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on courts and the prioritisation of non-jury trials . Being suspended can involve a part of the school day and it does not have to be for a continuous period. Ethnicity refers to an identity based on belonging to a group defined by common cultural or national traditions. This chapter explores police activity by ethnicity of persons stopped and searched and/or arrested. In 2020, Asian offenders had the longest ACSL for drug offences, at 46.2 months. These proportions were similar to those of the ethnic breakdown of the prison population. 1 Because of rounding, the percentages may not add to 100.0.; 2 The ethnicity totals are representative of those agencies that provided ethnicity breakdowns. Figure 5.04: RRI of remands in custody at Crown Court, 2016-2020, England and Wales. Guilty plea for all other ethnic groups ranged between 89% and 92% in 2020. , See technical guide for more information on what this service covers. The guilty plea rate (GPR) of defendants who were committed for trial at Crown Court increased across all ethnic groups from 2018-2020. These provide criminologists, the police and the media with two types of data. , Data used in the HMPPS workforce quarterly statistics are self-declared from HR records, as at 31 March 2021. As such, the homicide data in this chapter will not be related to population numbers[footnote 16]. , The Police National Computer has a 6+1 ethnicity classification. * Possession (Class B, cannabis) Across the past 5 years, possession of a Class B drug (cannabis) was consistently the most common drug offence for all ethnic groups, accounting for 31% of all drug offences in 2020. * Possession (Class B, excluding cannabis) Unfortunately, we do not hold police recorded crime figures on robbery or offences involving a knife or sharp instrument, by ethnic group. They are awarded National Statistics status following an assessment by the Authoritys regulatory arm. The arrest rate in England and Wales for white people was nine arrests per 1,000 people in the reporting year 2021/22 while black people . (FBI Table 21 Arrests by Race and Ethnicity, 2016 / archive) 2016 FBI Violent Crime Statistics While the statistics recorded the instances of . Drug offences vary both in nature and severity. Therefore, trends within these broad ethnic groups will be less comparable over a 5-year time series. Similarly, Asian males accounted for a higher proportion of all male prosecutions and convictions at 7%, compared to Asian females, accounting for 2%, of all female prosecutions. Individuals from the Black ethnic group also had the lowest proportion of suspended sentences, at 14% in 2020. Publish a time-series of revisions due to errors in our statistical processes and procedures so we can monitor the quality of our outputs. See figure 5.04 for all sentencing outcomes. Figure 4.03: Arrests in England and Wales by ethnicity, 2016/17 to 2020/21[footnote 35]. , Chinese or other combines the following categories from the published criminal history pivot table for 2020 Q4; Chinese or Japanese or S E Asian, and Middle Eastern. Since this previous period, homicides, overall, increased by 17%. , See Appendix I for further details of how detailed ethnicity categorisations are aggregated. The following analysis cannot be used to make conclusions about the overall pupil population that have the characteristics described as the matched dataset is of offenders only[footnote 71]. The proportion of staff from White backgrounds has decreased between 1 and 2.4 pp across all CJS organisations over the last 5 years, largely driven by increases in the proportion of staff from Asian and Mixed ethnic backgrounds. In comparison, the proportion of adults from ethnic minority groups sentenced to custody has remained stable at 20% between 2016 and 2020. Relative proportions of arrests across ethnic groups remained stable between 2016/17 and 2020/21. This section focuses on the following high-volume indictable drug offences: , Equivalently, a Key Stage 4 academic year of 2013/14 and 2014/15; analysis of the attainment data focuses on those sentenced/cautioned that were at the end of KS4 in the 2013/14 and 2014/15 academic years. These decreases are mainly due to court restrictions as a result of COVID-19^59]. National Statistics status can be removed at any point when the highest standards are not maintained and reinstated when standards are restored. Thank you for your request. This chapter looks at particular indictable offences to investigate the relationship between ethnicity and court outcomes. Of all children sentenced to immediate custody in the last 5 years, White children had the shortest ACSL at 16.8 months and Mixed children had the longest ACSL at 21.1 months. In 2020, 40% of White defendants were remanded in custody compared to 51% of Chinese or Other and 49% of Black defendants. , More information of ethnic group classifications can be found in Appendix I, Officer identified ethnicity can refer to ethnicity recorded by any third party, such as a police officer, clerk or a member of the data entry team. Crime lower work is carried out by legal aid providers at police stations, in magistrates courts and prison. Crime rate in England and Wales 2021/22, by police force area . This includes putting more information in the public domain with ethnicity breakdowns, the use of the Relative Rate Indexes[footnote 6] where appropriate and a focus on outcomes for children distinct form the adult population. The reoffending rate for Black adult offenders was highest for 18-20 year olds at 35%. Figure 8.05: Sentencing outcomes for all drug offences, 2020, England and Wales. A copy of this statement can be found at: http://www.justice.gov.uk/downloads/statistics/mojstats/statistics-revisions-policy.pdf. There were 292 (15%) victims in the Black, 147 (8%) in the Asian and 107 (5%) in the Other ethnic groups[footnote 17]. This chapter reports on the trends in the composition of staff and practitioners throughout the CJS by ethnicity [footnote 90]. In the three-year period from 2017/18 to 2019/20, the most frequent location for homicides with White or Asian victims was in and around the house (53% and 41%, respectively), whereas those with victims from Black or Other ethnic groups were more likely to take place on the street (including footpaths/alleyways; 60% and 48%, respectively). In 2019/20, an estimated 6% of children were a victim of a personal crime once or more, based on findings from the CSEW. The crime rate in the UK has dropped to its lowest level since the early 1990s, according to estimates. Over the last five years the proportion of children from ethnic minority groups sentenced to immediate custody has increased from 36% in 2016 to 43% in 2020. Of all defendants who entered a plea at Crown Court for sexual offences, 94% entered a guilty plea in 2020 . The Probation Service supervises offenders living in the community under a court order[footnote 57], including those starting supervision as a result of a community or suspended sentence and those who have been released from prison on licence. In the three-year period 2017/18[footnote 13] to 2019/20, there were 1,951[footnote 14] homicides in the Home Office Homicide Index[footnote 15], where ethnicity of the victim was recorded. The ethnicity classification used in each section is referenced throughout. Documents fulfilling this requirement have been published since 1992, in the form of statistical reports. All estimates from the CSEW are for the year ending March 2020 and were therefore minimally affected by lockdown restrictions[footnote 10]. Figure 7.05: Proven reoffending rate by ethnicity for adults, annual averages (2014/15 to 2018/19), England and Wales. In 2020/21, 21% of all stop and searches (where ethnicity is known) resulted in an outcome that was linked to the reason for the search, i.e. White victims accounted for over three quarters (77%) of homicide victims in both the 0-14 and 21+ age groups. Around 34% of all Black homicide victims were aged between 15 and 20. Relative Rate Index (RRI) analysis for individuals dealt with at Crown Court in 2020 showed that defendants of Chinese or Other ethnic group were 28% more likely, Black defendants 23% more likely, defendants of Mixed ethnicities 19% more likely and Asian defendants 4% more likely to be remanded in custody than White defendants (Table 5.15). High proportions of prisoners from all ethnic groups reported that they knew what the COVID restrictions were in the prison and that reasons for restrictions had been explained to them. Broadly, all ethnic groups had similar overall sentencing outcomes. The ACSL for drug offences has increased across all ethnic groups over the past 5 years. Differences in outcomes between ethnic groups over time present a mixed picture, with disparity decreasing in some areas and widening in others. In previous publications we have made comparisons to the population using 2011 Census data. Convictions across indictable offence groups varied between ethnic groups in 2020, with drug offences accounting for the highest proportion of offenders within each ethnic group except for White offenders, where the highest proportion of convictions was for theft offences. 2, See technical guide for further information relating to the impact of COVID-19 on the courts. Figure 7.04: Average custodial sentence length (ACSL) for indictable offences, by age and ethnicity, England and Wales, 2016/20. Custody Rate and Average Custodial Sentence Length (ACSL). Figure 4.01: Numbers of stop and searches by ethnicity, England and Wales, 2016/17 to 2020/21, Comparisons between London and the rest of England and Wales. , For more information, see Crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2020. Black prisoners served the greatest proportion of their original sentence in custody. The total number of arrests have gone down over the last five years, in line with the declining crime rates. As observed in Chapter 5, White prisoners have consistently received the shortest ACSL in comparison to other ethnic groups. This publication compiles statistics from data sources across the Criminal Justice System (CJS), to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of different ethnic groups, how outcomes vary between groups and how this has changed over time. Because of this, the statistics presented in this report cannot present the typical experience of a person of a particular ethnic group, but it can highlight areas where further investigation or research may be warranted when looking at differences between ethnic groups. The proportion of Black and Asian young offenders, sentenced to custody, achieving any pass at GCSE or 5 GCSEs A*-G was significantly higher than the proportion of White young offenders. The greatest disparity appears at the point of stop and search, custodial remands and prison population. , We were only able to match data on those children who are both in DfE and MoJ datasets so cannot provide analysis specifically for non-offenders with these characteristics. , A first-time offender is an offender who has been arrested by the police in England and Wales and has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence recorded on the Police National Computer. 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